Análisis del patrón epidemiológico de la shigelosis en Barcelona entre 1988 y 2012: ¿es una infección de transmisión sexual emergente? / Analysis of the epidemiological pattern of Shigellosis in Barcelona between 1988 and 2012: is it an emerging sexually transmitted infection?

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la evolución y las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con shigelosis durante 25 años en una gran ciudad. MÉTODOS: La shigelosis es una enfermedad de declaración obligatoria en España desde 1988. Se analizan los casos de residentes en Barcelona incluidos en el registro entre 1988-2012. Se presenta un análisis descriptivo según sexo, edad, vía de transmisión y especies de Shigella. Se realizó un análisis de tendencias y de series temporales. RESULTADOS: De los 559 casos analizados, el 60,15% correspondían a hombres. Se observó un incremento sostenido de la tendencia en hombres desde 2008 (p < 0,05), sobre todo a expensas de los de hombres que no tenían antecedentes de toXIInfección alimentaria ni de viajes a zonas endémicas. El incremento de la tendencia fue mayor en hombres de 21 a 60 años, tanto para S. flexneri (desde 2009) como para S. sonnei (desde 2003). En 2012 se observó que, en los hombres con S. flexneri, el 63% tenían sexo con hombres. CONCLUSIONES: Se detectó un incremento de la tendencia en los casos en hombres que no tenían antecedentes de toXIInfección alimentaria ni de viajes a zonas endémicas. Este incremento apunta a un cambio en el patrón de la shigelosis, pasando a ser predominantemente masculina, y cuyo mecanismo principal serían las relaciones sexuales

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence, management and cost associated to hematological and dermatological adverse effects (AE) in chronic hepatitis C patients on triple therapy (TT) with telaprevir (TVR) or boceprevir (BOC). METHODS: An analysis was made on the data recorded on patients who started treatment with TVR or BOC associated with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin in a 12-week follow-up period. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were included (TVR n = 36; BOC n = 17). Thrombocytopenia (83% TVR vs. 88% BOC) followed by neutropenia (89% TVR vs. 82% BOC) were the most common AE. Dermatological AE were observed in 32% of patients. Eleven patients required treatment discontinuation (all of them received TVR), and toxicity was the main reason for discontinuation (64%). The percentage of patients who required supportive treatment for management of AE was 66%. The most used supportive treatment was erythropoietin. Eight patients required emergency health care, and 2 were hospitalized due to AE. Total cost of additional supportive resources was 32,522 Euros (625 [SD = 876] Euros/patient) (TVR 759 [SD = 1,022] Euros/patient vs. BOC 349 [SD = 327] Euros/patient; P > .05). Patients with grade iii-iv toxicity required greater supportive care with higher costs, compared to patients with grade i-ii toxicity (849 [SD = 1,143] Euros/patient vs. 387 [SD = 397] Euros/patient; P = .053). CONCLUSION: The addition of new protease inhibitors to conventional treatment leads to a higher incidence of hematological AE in our study, compared to data described in clinical trials. The elevated incidence of AE involves the use of supportive care, increasing total costs of therapy

[Analysis of the epidemiological pattern of Shigellosis in Barcelona between 1988 and 2012: Is it an emerging sexually transmitted infection?]. / Análisis del patrón epidemiológico de la shigelosis en Barcelona entre 1988 y 2012: ¿es una infección de transmisión sexual emergente?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution and epidemiologic characteristics of shigellosis patients over a 25 year period in a large city. METHODS: Shigellosis is a notifiable disease in Spain since 1988. Cases are analyzed in Barcelona residents included in the registry between 1988-2012. A descriptive analysis by sex, age, mode of transmission and Shigella species is presented. Trend analysis and time series were performed. RESULTS: Of the 559 cases analyzed, 60.15% were males. A sustained increase was observed in the trend since 2008 in males (p<0,05), especially at the expense of males who had no history of food poisoning or travel to endemic areas. The increasing tendency was greater in males from 21 to 60 years, both for S. flexneri (since 2009), and for S. sonnei (since 2004). In 2012 it was noted that in the men with S. flexneri, the 63% were men who have sex with men. CONCLUSIONS: An increased trend was detected in men who had no history of food poisoning or travel to endemic areas. This increase points to a change in the pattern of shigellosis, becoming predominantly male and its main mechanism probably by sexual transmission.